####################################################################### # VIC Model Parameters - 4.1.x ####################################################################### # $Id: global.param.sample,v 5.7.2.27 2012/02/07 19:03:02 vicadmin Exp $ ####################################################################### # Simulation Parameters ####################################################################### NLAYER 3 # number of soil layers NODES 10 # number of soil thermal nodes TIME_STEP 24 # model time step in hours (set to 24 if FULL_ENERGY = FALSE, set to < 24 if FULL_ENERGY = TRUE) SNOW_STEP 1 # time step in hours for which to solve the snow model (should = TIME_STEP if TIME_STEP < 24) STARTYEAR 1950 # year model simulation starts STARTMONTH 01 # month model simulation starts STARTDAY 01 # day model simulation starts STARTHOUR 00 # hour model simulation starts ENDYEAR 2005 # year model simulation ends ENDMONTH 12 # month model simulation ends ENDDAY 31 # day model simulation ends FULL_ENERGY FALSE # TRUE = calculate full energy balance; FALSE = compute water balance only FROZEN_SOIL FALSE # TRUE = calculate frozen soils ####################################################################### # Soil Temperature Parameters # VIC will choose appropriate values for QUICK_FLUX and IMPLICIT depending on values of FULL_ENERGY and FROZEN_SOIL; the user should only need to override VIC's choices in special cases. # The other options in this section are only applicable when FROZEN_SOIL is TRUE and their values depend on the application. ####################################################################### #QUICK_FLUX FALSE # TRUE = use simplified ground heat flux method of Liang et al (1999); FALSE = use finite element method of Cherkauer et al (1999) #IMPLICIT TRUE # TRUE = use implicit solution for soil heat flux equation of Cherkauer et al (1999), otherwise uses original explicit solution. #QUICK_SOLVE FALSE # TRUE = Use Liang et al., 1999 formulation for iteration, but explicit finite difference method for final step. #NO_FLUX FALSE # TRUE = use no flux lower boundary for ground heat flux computation; FALSE = use constant flux lower boundary condition. If NO_FLUX = TRUE, QUICK_FLUX MUST = FALSE #EXP_TRANS FALSE # TRUE = exponentially distributes the thermal nodes in the Cherkauer et al. (1999) finite difference algorithm, otherwise uses linear distribution #GRND_FLUX_TYPE GF_410 # Options for ground flux: # # GF_406 = use (flawed) formulas for ground flux, deltaH, and fusion from VIC 4.0.6 and earlier; # # GF_410 = use formulas from VIC 4.1.0 (ground flux, deltaH, and fusion are correct; deltaH and fusion ignore surf_atten); # # Default = GF_410 #TFALLBACK TRUE # TRUE = when temperature iteration fails to converge, use previous time step's T value ####################################################################### # Precip (Rain and Snow) Parameters # Generally these default values do not need to be overridden ####################################################################### #SNOW_ALBEDO USACE # USACE = use traditional VIC algorithm based on US Army Corps of Engineers empirical snow albedo decay curves, using hard-coded dates for transitions from snow accumulation to melting; SUN1999 = use algorithm of Sun et al 1999, in which albedo decay depends on snow cold content (more appropriate for simulations outside the US). #SNOW_DENSITY DENS_BRAS # DENS_BRAS = use traditional VIC algorithm taken from Bras, 1990; DENS_SNTHRM = use algorithm taken from SNTHRM model. #BLOWING FALSE # TRUE = compute evaporative fluxes due to blowing snow COMPUTE_TREELINE FALSE # Can be either FALSE or the id number of an understory veg class; FALSE = turn treeline computation off; VEG_CLASS_ID = replace any overstory veg types with the this understory veg type in all snow bands for which the average July Temperature <= 10 C (e.g. "COMPUTE_TREELINE 10" replaces any overstory veg cover with class 10) #DIST_PRCP FALSE # TRUE = use distributed precipitation #PREC_EXPT 0.6 # exponent for use in distributed precipitation eqn (only used if DIST_PRCP is TRUE) #CORRPREC FALSE # TRUE = correct precipitation for gauge undercatch #MAX_SNOW_TEMP 0.5 # maximum temperature (C) at which snow can fall #MIN_RAIN_TEMP -0.5 # minimum temperature (C) at which rain can fall ####################################################################### # Turbulent Flux Parameters # Generally these default values do not need to be overridden ####################################################################### #MIN_WIND_SPEED 0.1 # minimum allowable wind speed (m/s) #AERO_RESIST_CANSNOW AR_406_FULL # Options for aerodynamic resistance in snow-filled canopy: # # AR_406 = multiply by 10 for latent heat but do NOT multiply by 10 for sensible heat and do NOT apply stability correction (as in VIC 4.0.6); when no snow in canopy, use surface aero_resist for ET. # # AR_406_LS = multiply by 10 for latent heat AND sensible heat and do NOT apply stability correction; when no snow in canopy, use surface aero_resist for ET. # # AR_406_FULL = multiply by 10 for latent heat AND sensible heat and do NOT apply stability correction; additionally, always use overstory aero_resist for ET (as in 4.1.0). # # AR_410 = apply stability correction but do NOT multiply by 10 (as in VIC 4.1.0); additionally, always use overstory aero_resist for ET (as in 4.1.0). # # Default = AR_406_FULL ####################################################################### # Meteorological Forcing Disaggregation Parameters # Generally these default values do not need to be overridden ####################################################################### #PLAPSE TRUE # This controls how VIC computes air pressure when air pressure is not supplied as an input forcing: TRUE = set air pressure to sea level pressure, lapsed to grid cell average elevation; FALSE = set air pressure to constant 95.5 kPa (as in all versions of VIC pre-4.1.1) #SW_PREC_THRESH 0 # Minimum daily precip [mm] that can cause dimming of incoming shortwave; default = 0. MTCLIM_SWE_CORR FALSE # This controls VIC's estimates of incoming shortwave in the presence of snow; TRUE = adjust incoming shortwave for snow albedo effect; FALSE = do not adjust shortwave; default = TRUE VP_ITER VP_ITER_ANNUAL # This controls VIC's iteration between estimates of shortwave and vapor pressure: # # VP_ITER_NEVER = never iterate; make estimates separately # # VP_ITER_ALWAYS = always iterate once # # VP_ITER_ANNUAL = iterate once for arid climates based on annual Precip/PET ratio # # VP_ITER_CONVERGE = iterate until shortwave and vp stabilize # # default = VP_ITER_ALWAYS #VP_INTERP TRUE # This controls sub-daily humidity estimates; TRUE = interpolate daily VP estimates linearly between sunrise of one day to the next; FALSE = hold VP constant for entire day LW_TYPE LW_PRATA # This controls the algorithm used to estimate clear-sky longwave radiation: # # LW_TVA = Tennessee Valley Authority algorithm (1972) # # other options listed in vicNl_def.h # # default = LW_TVA (this was also the traditional VIC algorithm) #LW_CLOUD LW_CLOUD_DEARDORFF # This controls the algorithm used to estimate the influence of clouds on total longwave: # # LW_CLOUD_BRAS = method from Bras textbook (this was the traditional VIC algorithm) # # LW_CLOUD_DEARDORFF = method of Deardorff (1978) # # default = LW_CLOUD_DEARDORFF ####################################################################### # Miscellaneous Simulation Parameters # Generally these default values do not need to be overridden ####################################################################### CONTINUEONERROR TRUE # TRUE = if simulation aborts on one grid cell, continue to next grid cell ####################################################################### # State Files and Parameters ####################################################################### #INIT_STATE XSTATEDIRX/state.1950.XZONEX_19501231 # Initial state path/file STATENAME vic_output.historical/state.43.78125.save # Output state file path/prefix. The date (STATEYEAR,STATEMONTH,STATEDAY) will be appended to the prefix automatically in the format yyyymmdd. STATEYEAR 2005 # year to save model state STATEMONTH 12 # month to save model state STATEDAY 31 # day to save model state BINARY_STATE_FILE FALSE # TRUE if state file should be binary format; FALSE if ascii ####################################################################### # Forcing Files and Parameters # # All FORCING filenames are actually the pathname, and prefix # for gridded data types: ex. DATA/forcing_ # Latitude and longitude index suffix is added by VIC # # There must be 1 FORCE_TYPE entry for each variable (column) in the forcing file # # If FORCE_TYPE is BINARY, each FORCE_TYPE must be followed by: # SIGNED/UNSIGNED SCALE_FACTOR # For example (BINARY): # FORCE_TYPE PREC UNSIGNED 40 # or (ASCII): # FORCE_TYPE PREC ####################################################################### FORCING1 vic_forcing.historical/data_ FORCE_FORMAT BINARY # BINARY or ASCII FORCE_ENDIAN LITTLE # LITTLE (PC/Linux) or BIG (SUN) N_TYPES 4 # Number of variables (columns) FORCE_TYPE PREC UNSIGNED 40 FORCE_TYPE TMAX SIGNED 100 FORCE_TYPE TMIN SIGNED 100 FORCE_TYPE WIND SIGNED 100 FORCE_DT 24 # Forcing time step length (hours) FORCEYEAR 1950 # Year of first forcing record FORCEMONTH 01 # Month of first forcing record FORCEDAY 01 # Day of first forcing record FORCEHOUR 00 # Hour of first forcing record GRID_DECIMAL 5 # Number of digits after decimal point in forcing file names WIND_H 10.0 # height of wind speed measurement (m) MEASURE_H 2.0 # height of humidity measurement (m) ALMA_INPUT FALSE # TRUE = ALMA-compliant input variable units; FALSE = standard VIC units ####################################################################### # Land Surface Files and Parameters ####################################################################### SOIL ../vic_files/soil_files/vic.nldas.mexico.soil.43.78125.txt # Soil parameter path/file ARC_SOIL FALSE # TRUE = read soil parameters from ARC/INFO ASCII grids #SOIL_DIR (soil param directory) # Directory containing ARC/INFO ASCII grids of soil parameters - only valid if ARC_SOIL is TRUE BASEFLOW ARNO # ARNO = columns 5-8 are the standard VIC baseflow parameters; NIJSSEN2001 = columns 5-8 of soil file are baseflow parameters from Nijssen et al (2001) JULY_TAVG_SUPPLIED FALSE # TRUE = final column of the soil parameter file will contain average July air temperature, for computing treeline; this will be ignored if COMPUTE_TREELINE is FALSE; FALSE = compute the treeline based on the average July air temperature of the forcings over the simulation period ORGANIC_FRACT FALSE # TRUE = simulate organic soils; soil param file contains 3*Nlayer extra columns, listing for each layer the organic fraction, and the bulk density and soil particle density of the organic matter in the soil layer; FALSE = soil param file does not contain any information about organic soil, and organic fraction should be assumed to be 0 VEGLIB ../LDAS_veg_lib # Veg library path/file VEGPARAM ../vic.nldas.mexico.veg.LOCA.txt ROOT_ZONES 3 # Number of root zones (must match format of veg param file) VEGPARAM_LAI TRUE # TRUE = veg param file contains LAI information; FALSE = veg param file does NOT contain LAI information LAI_SRC LAI_FROM_VEGLIB # LAI_FROM_VEGPARAM = read LAI from veg param file; LAI_FROM_VEGLIB = read LAI from veg library file SNOW_BAND 5 ../vic.nldas.mexico.snow.txt.L13 ####################################################################### # Lake Simulation Parameters # These need to be un-commented and set to correct values only when running lake model (LAKES is not FALSE) ####################################################################### #LAKES (put lake parameter path/file here) # Lake parameter path/file #LAKE_PROFILE FALSE # TRUE = User-specified depth-area parameters in lake parameter file; FALSE = VIC computes a parabolic depth-area profile EQUAL_AREA FALSE # TRUE = grid cells are from an equal-area projection; FALSE = grid cells are on a regular lat-lon grid RESOLUTION 0.0625 # Grid cell resolution (degrees if EQUAL_AREA is FALSE, km^2 if EQUAL_AREA is TRUE); ignored if LAKES is FALSE ####################################################################### # Output Files and Parameters ####################################################################### RESULT_DIR vic_output.historical/ OUT_STEP 24 # Output interval (hours); if 0, OUT_STEP = TIME_STEP SKIPYEAR 0 # Number of years of output to omit from the output files COMPRESS FALSE # TRUE = compress input and output files when done BINARY_OUTPUT TRUE # TRUE = binary output files ALMA_OUTPUT FALSE # TRUE = ALMA-format output files; FALSE = standard VIC units MOISTFRACT FALSE # TRUE = output soil moisture as volumetric fraction; FALSE = standard VIC units PRT_HEADER FALSE # TRUE = insert a header at the beginning of each output file; FALSE = no header PRT_SNOW_BAND FALSE # TRUE = write a "snowband" output file, containing band-specific values of snow variables; NOTE: this is ignored if N_OUTFILES is specified below. ####################################################################### # # Output File Contents # # As of VIC 4.0.6 and 4.1.0, you can specify your output file names and # contents # in the global param file (see the README.txt file for more # information). # # If you do not specify file names and contents in the global param # file, VIC will produce the same set of output files that it has # produced in earlier versions, namely "fluxes" and "snow" files, plus # "fdepth" files if FROZEN_SOIL is TRUE and "snowband" files if # PRT_SNOW_BAND is TRUE. These files will have the same contents and # format as in earlier versions. # # The OPTIMIZE and LDAS_OUTPUT options have been removed. These # output configurations can be selected with the proper set of # instructions in the global param file. (see the output.*.template # files included in this distribution for more information.) # # If you do specify the file names and contents in the global param file, # PRT_SNOW_BAND will have no effect. # # Format: # # N_OUTFILES # # OUTFILE # OUTVAR [ ] # OUTVAR [ ] # OUTVAR [ ] # # OUTFILE # OUTVAR [ ] # OUTVAR [ ] # OUTVAR [ ] # # # where # = number of output files # = name of the output file, NOT including latitude # and longitude # = number of variables in the output file # = name of the variable (this must be one of the # output variable names listed in vicNl_def.h.) # = (for ascii output files) fprintf format string, # e.g. # %.4f = floating point with 4 decimal places # %.7e = scientific notation w/ 7 decimal places # * = use the default format for this variable # # , , and are optional. For a given # variable, you can specify either NONE of these, or ALL of # these. If these are omitted, the default values will be used. # # = (for binary output files) data type code. # Must be one of: # OUT_TYPE_DOUBLE = double-precision floating point # OUT_TYPE_FLOAT = single-precision floating point # OUT_TYPE_INT = integer # OUT_TYPE_USINT = unsigned short integer # OUT_TYPE_SINT = short integer # OUT_TYPE_CHAR = char # * = use the default type # = (for binary output files) factor to multiply # the data by before writing, to increase precision. # * = use the default multiplier for this variable # ####################################################################### N_OUTFILES 1 OUTFILE flux_snow 27 OUTVAR OUT_PREC %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_EVAP %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_RUNOFF %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_BASEFLOW %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_SOIL_MOIST %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_SWE %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_DELSWE %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_SNOWF %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_RAINF %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_SNOW_MELT %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_WDEW %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_SENSIBLE %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_LATENT %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_GRND_FLUX %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_R_NET %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_PET_SHORT %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_PET_TALL %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_PET_NATVEG %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_AIR_TEMP %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_REL_HUMID %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_QAIR %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_ALBEDO %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_SHORTWAVE %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_NET_SHORT %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_NET_LONG %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_SUB_SNOW %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1 OUTVAR OUT_WIND %.4f OUT_TYPE_FLOAT 1